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(the latter support fat burning)
Conditions include alcoholic liver disease, viral hepatitis, cirrhosis, and primary or metastatic liver cancer Renal dysfunction : Impaired kidney function reduces B12 elimination, causing accumulation even with normal intake Haematological conditions : Myeloproliferative neoplasms, chronic myeloid leukaemia, polycythaemia vera, and hypereosinophilic syndrome increase transcobalamin production, elevating total serum B12 Laboratory interference : Macro-B12 (immunoglobulin-bound B12) and assay interference can cause spuriously elevated results without true excess In clinical practice, unexplained hypercobalaminaemia should prompt investigation for underlying disease, particularly in patients without obvious supplementation history
Shelhamer, E., Long, J
In conditions of nutrient depletion, ULK1 is activated, which leads to phosphorylation of the components of the Class III PI3K vacuolar protein sorting 34 (VPS34) protein complex, resulting in the formation of autophagosome and promoting the autophagy flux [255]
