Differential metabolite screening Under the threshold, a total of 1150 significantly differential metabolites were identified between HN and LN groups, such as cotinine, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL)-N-glucuronide, 1-(5'-phosphoribosyl)-5-formamido-4-imidazolecarboxamide, 1-methylxanthine, 1,2-dihydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentene, 11-dehydro-thromboxane B2, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonate, 2-hydroxyfelbamate, 2-methoxyestrone 3-glucuronide, deoxycholic acid 3-glucuronide, 2-phenylethanol glucuronide, and pregnanediol 3-O-glucuronide (Supplementary file Table S4)
Closed system devices are any vape that does not need to be refilled with e-liquid
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PSFC gives New Zealand as an example of a country where both smoking and vaping rates are increasing, but the latest data shows that youth smoking rates in NZ are continuing to fall and have now reached 1.3%
